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Russia's army of bots is apparently offline. At least, that's according to chatter on social media and even Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.

Over the past week, Ukrainian drones struck three data centers belonging to Yandex, the tech giant often called "Russia’s Google." The first strike happened on Oct. 8, followed by a second attack on Oct. 9. On Sunday, Oct. 11, a third strike damaged a Yandex data center in the Vladimir region, east of Moscow. The company said operations at that facility were completely suspended and some of its services were unavailable, according to the BBC.

SEE ALSO: California's new AI law: Ban on bots used to fire employees

The attacks disrupted Yandex services, from its AI chatbot to its smart home devices. Per the BBC, the military strikes were meant to target "places that provide revenue streams for Moscow's war machine."

Speaking at the Warsaw Security Forum on Monday, Zelenskyy said "everyone noticed" a drop in Russian bot activity on social media after the strikes. On X, Reddit, and elsewhere, users in several Western countries reported seeing less right-wing activity in their feeds, from pro-GOP accounts in the U.S. to supporters of Germany’s far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party. Czech member of the European Parliament Tomáš Zdechovský also pointed to claims that online support for the AfD had dropped after the strikes.

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The prediction market Polymarket’s X account was among those amplifying the claim. Take that with a grain of salt, though, as the account has a tendency for posting breaking-news-style claims without sources or verification.

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Much of the buzz traces back to a report from U24 Media, the media arm of United24, a platform run by the Ukrainian government.

To its credit, U24’s own report is careful about what the numbers can and can’t prove. It cites an Oct. 12 analysis by The Deep Dive of data from Cloudflare Radar, which monitors internet traffic. According to that analysis, automated web traffic from Yandex’s network fell sharply after Oct. 8 and nearly disappeared by Oct. 11. At one point, it measured just 0.3 percent of the chart’s peak, compared with 88.2 percent at the same hour a week earlier. U24 also cites German tech publication t3n's report of a similar plunge — with bot traffic dropping to about 0.4 percent of the previous week’s level before bouncing back to around 20 percent later in the day on Oct. 11.

Credit: Cloudfare Radar / Mashable screenshot

The catch is that "automated traffic" and "Russian propaganda bots" aren’t the same thing. Automated traffic is any request sent to a website by software rather than a person. Most of it is mundane, e.g., search engine crawlers indexing pages or monitoring tools checking whether sites are up. Because Yandex runs Russia’s biggest search engine, its network constantly sends out crawlers to index the web. Knocking its data centers offline would bring traffic to a halt regardless of whether a single troll account went quiet.

As U24 itself notes, the measurements show a sharp drop in automated network activity, but they can’t tell us whether propaganda bots disappeared or whether damaged infrastructure simply stopped producing ordinary automated traffic. The numbers also track how much traffic Yandex’s network sent relative to its peak, not how many social media accounts were active.

Mashable has yet to see published evidence tying Russian influence operations on X or Reddit to Yandex’s servers specifically. Many of the claims to that effect are sourced from the same Cloudflare Radar and Deep Dive data reports that we cited here.

Influence campaigns can run on infrastructure anywhere, and the accounts posting the content don’t have to live on Yandex’s network at all. It's easy to see why the claim has caught on, as social media platforms are rife with hyper-polarization fueled by ragebait political engagement.

However, not all political content online comes from Russian bots. As The Atlantic's Ali Breland writes, operatives based in Eastern European countries like Latvia are paying people to post pro-GOP talking points — $3 for every 1,000 views.

That also doesn’t mean the strikes had no effect online.

Per U24, the bombings have found a way to rattle Russia’s internet, including widespread outages. Whether it also silenced Russia’s online propaganda machine is a much bigger claim.

Will AI vibecoded apps soon displace paid legacy software like Photoshop and Microsoft Word? Or will the deluge of apps spun up by AI models show that those legacy apps are superior products?

Earlier this month, Reddit user u/ai_art_is_art, who Tom's Hardware revealed to be a software engineer named Brandon Thomas, shared a project he's been working on: A rebuild of the entire Adobe Creative Suite, under the banner ArtCraft. There is one key difference between ArtCraft and Adobe software, however: You have to pay to access Adobe.

From Adobe Premiere to Photoshop to After Effects, Thomas recreated them all with help from AI in Rust, a programming language. Named PhotoCraft, FilmCraft, DesignCraft, EffectCraft, PdfCraft, VectorCraft, and LightCraft, each duplicated one of the signature apps found in Adobe's software suite for creatives. 

And Thomas has released them all as free, open-source tools.

Now, the developer is taking on the Microsoft Office suite.

Thomas has just released WordCraft, DeckCraft, and GridCraft (along with additional creative duplicates like SoundCraft, DesignCraft, and CADCraft), which are his take on Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and Excel.

These apps have caused a bit of a controversy on Reddit and elsewhere on the internet over AI-generated code. While Thomas has clarified that he is a software developer who knows how to code, concerns over cybersecurity and the ethics of AI-generated code have resulted in posts about his apps being removed from some subreddits. 

In addition, there is concern that Thomas is now overseeing a suite of apps by himself, although the community has been invited to contribute to the open-source project as well.

Thomas is clearly pro-AI, which has also been a point of contention for some critics. He has released these apps under his ArtCraft brand, a for-profit suite of tools for AI-generated art. Also, if you take another look at Thomas' Reddit username, it is "AI art is art."

Supporters of Thomas and his apps, however, view this as an act of protest against companies like Adobe and what they see as unscrupulous subscription tactics, in which Adobe makes it difficult for customers to cancel plans.

It's unclear if Thomas's apps have staying power at this point, but that hasn't stopped social media users from speculating that the era of paid legacy software is over. Indeed, we're seeing a similar trend in the gaming world, where AI-assisted jailbreaks and decompiled games are now readily available.

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Fans of Shayla Palmer (@mesamistoys) know her for her next-level crochet projects. With more than 650k followers on TikTok and over 1.1 million on Instagram, she's made a name for herself one stitch at a time, creating big, fluffy toys, including Stitch, Batman, and Mario. But on Sept. 19, 2026, Palmer took on her biggest challenge yet: stitching a 10-foot-long Appa toy, based on the flying bison from Avatar: The Last Airbender.

In the first episode of her series on its making, she revealed the yarn but not who she'd be stitching for. Fans were quick to recognize Appa's signature color scheme. Fifteen more episodes followed, detailing the process, including the times when Palmer hit a few snags. Then, just last week, Palmer revealed this particular toy was created for a special event, tied to New York Comic Con.

Paramount Games Studio hosted a double-elimination tournament for the newly launched video game Avatar Legends: The Fighting Game at OS NY on Oct. 9. The special event invited gamers to compete for a cash prize, surrounded by food carts offering treats from the four nations (Water. Earth. Fire. Air), boxes of cabbages with a certain beloved cart vendor on them, and Palmer's completed Appa.

You can see images from this tournament below.

While the gaming kicked off, Mashable spoke with Palmer about her journey from that first video to its big debut. And she's got pointers for any fan looking to make toys of their own.

Images from the Avatar Legends: The Fighting Game at OS NY event on Oct. 9. Credit: Kristy Puchko Mashable: We've finally seen the unveiling of your completed Appa. Tell us about what the process has been like for you.

Shayla Palmer: Oh my gosh, the process was long, but not as long as you would expect. I had 16 days to complete a 10-foot-long Appa. It was a lot of time every single day. It was, let's say, 10-16 hours a day for 16 days straight.

It was kind of crazy. But it was so much fun. I encountered a lot of issues, though, like forgetting to create a hole for the head and then having to pivot from there. It's just like a lot of things that I've had to pivot with. But all in all, it was so much fun. I had a great time, and I'm so happy that the end result is here, and the people who have seen the process can now see it in person. It's so surreal. I love it.

It's amazing to see your Appa in person. What was it like to finally see it set up inside?

Seeing it set up inside was like, 'Oh my god, this looks so much bigger here than it did in the space that I was creating it in!' I can't even comprehend it fully right now.

I also created a mini Appa that is now sitting on top of it, and it's so crazy to see that the mini one looks so small compared to the big one, and it's really not that tiny. But yeah, it's just a full-circle moment, I can say.

For people who are interested in crochet through your work, where would you say they should start?

I actually do sell crochet kits. If you do want to start crocheting, I have beginner, beginner plus, intermediate, and intermediate plus kits, and I teach you everything you need to know to start crocheting toys.

One thing I will say, though, is you need to be very, very, very patient and very forgiving with yourself. It's so much fun, and it can be so calming. You just have to understand that there's going to be a lot of hiccups. There will be a lot of times when you have to tear out your work. You just have to forgive yourself.

But yeah, I highly recommend it. It's the best hobby ever.

As a content creator, what is it that you depend on to make your content on your level?

I would say intuition. It's a lot of trusting my gut. It's a lot of pivoting, being very comfortable with the Plan B, being very able to immediately scrap your Plan A and just restart everything you need to restart.

And honestly, I'm very transparent in my content. I like showing people that not everything I plan on doing is gonna happen. So yeah, it's just very transparent. It's very authentic. I don't do any crazy editing. It's just here's my camera and here's what I'm doing. I just want you to be a fly on the wall and see everything that's going on.

Images from the Avatar Legends: The Fighting Game at OS NY event on Oct. 9. Credit: Kristy Puchko That's great. I think, especially with crafting, people can be really intimidated if they're not good at it right away. So when you're having those moments where you're like, 'I need to trust the process,' what gets you through those points?

Knowing that it will probably take me longer to stick to Plan A than it would to pivot and go with Plan B. It happens almost every single time I'm in a series. And I show people, "This is what I wanted to do. It's not working, so I have to do this because this is time-dependent."

I don't have 100 days to work on these things, and, quite honestly, I don't want to be working on them for that long anyway. So yeah, just trusting the process, honestly.

Who's your favorite Avatar character?

Is it crazy if I say Appa? Is it crazy? If it's not Appa, it's gotta be Sokka. I don't know what it is. He's just so, like, he's just so angry. But it's just so funny to see it all happen. So yeah, Appa then Sokka.

Is there anything else you want people to know about the process of making your Appa?

So it's actually really funny. I'm a huge believer... I literally just had to ask God. I said, "I want something really exciting. Like for the rest of the year, I want something really exciting. Something that's gonna make me feel reassured."

Then I got a message from Jordan [Chalmers] from Black Flag NYC (the experiential marketing firm). Great guy, love him, love him, love him. I got a message from him. He said, "Hey, have you ever watched Avatar?" I'm like, "Please tell me you want me to make Appa."

So the way that it all came to be was just like, I literally cried. I cried three times, and then I called my mom immediately. I was like, "Hey, um, can you get on a flight? Because I'm gonna need help running errands. I need to feed myself, and I can't do this right now."

So yeah, the way that it came to me was honestly such a dream come true. I was so happy with that.

On the final day, when I finished my six-legged statue, I always like to show myself sitting on it. And as soon as I finished [Appa], I got a chair. I like jumped on it, and I was like, "Appa, yip yip!"

Honestly, I've been waiting, like, 14 years to do that!

If you feel like you can't be as productive on your iPad Air, there's a simple solution to start maximizing your productivity, and it's as easy as adding a detachable keyboard. Apple's Magic Keyboard for the 13-inch iPad Air is now over 20% off on Amazon, and even though it has been at this listed price for some time, it's still the lowest price it has ever been on Amazon.

I was one of those people who bought into the promise that our phones were about to change overnight thanks to 5G. The carriers promised instant downloads, zero lag, and full coverage everywhere. It was hard not to feel like someone sold us an expensive upgrade that did not deliver. There's more to it than that, but the user definitely did not win this one.

The 1990s were one of the most important decades for personal computing. During the '90s, PCs finally became affordable enough to enter many homes, we saw the rise of the internet and mobile phones, Intel released its first Pentium CPU, and Microsoft released Windows NT in 1993 and Windows 95 just two years later.

If you've used dating apps, you've probably gotten an off-the-wall message or two and wondered if the sender just lacked basic social skills. Or maybe you sent a joke that fell flat. Either way, Hinge has a new strategy for handling "well-intentioned" daters who send inappropriate messages: mandatory re-education.

If a user violates Hinge's harassment guidelines in a chat, human moderators will weigh the context and severity of the message. If it's deemed a minor infraction, the user gets a warning and must complete a brief "educational walkthrough" to continue using the app. Severe or repeated offenses, however, will still get you permanently banned. An example of a minor infraction in Hinge's Oct. 1 blog announcing the change is the message: "Great dress. I think I have an outfit that will match perfectly," along with a winking emoji.

SEE ALSO: Hinge won't ban users for a single piece of problematic content anymore

Hinge says the walkthrough covers basic messaging etiquette, complete with examples of harmful language and reminders on how to express interest without being weird. Users might get prompts reminding them to build mutual interest before making things sexual, keep jokes playful instead of personal, or refrain from making unsolicited comments about someone's body.

The goal is to help daters recognize how their words land. While Hinge notes that cultural or generational gaps often shape how people communicate, intent doesn't negate the impact of unwanted behavior — especially for women, LGBTQIA+ daters, and people of color, who bear the brunt of online harassment.

The new educational walkthrough joins Hinge's existing suite of safety tools, including its "Are You Sure?" feature (which prompts users to reconsider potentially harmful text before sending), the "Did This Bother You?" feedback prompt, and customizable comment filters. This also builds on Hinge's policy not to ban users for a single piece of problematic content, and instead removes the content and explains why.

Hinge's CEO, Jackie Jantos, mentioned the curb-cut effect at the Heads Up With Hinge conference this month: features created to help the most vulnerable can lead to broader benefits for the general population. We'll see if this bears out with better-educated daters.

There are so many new things to watch on Netflix this month that the scroll could eat your whole evening. Russell Crowe's Unabomber and a Tyler Perry movie are still dominating the Top 10, and the rest of the month looks amazing with documentaries about Mike Tyson, Norm Macdonald, and Matthew Perry on deck, right up to Halloween.

Managing a home involves plenty of little tasks that are easy to forget, from keeping unwanted ads off your devices to finding an appliance warranty or backing up family photos. You can automate many of these responsibilities with Docker containers, turning a computer or home server into something that quietly takes care of everyday jobs.

Have you ever noticed a small key icon suddenly appear in your Android phone’s status bar and wondered what it means? While it might look like a warning or suggest a problem with your device, you usually don't need to worry. The little key symbol has a specific purpose, and it isn't to let you know that something is wrong.

Move-in day usually settles one thing fast: whatever laptop you bring to campus is going everywhere with you for the next four years. It rides in a backpack between buildings, sits open through back-to-back lectures, gets propped up in a dorm room for a video call home, and somehow still needs enough battery left over for a late study session in the library. That is a demanding, unglamorous job, and it is exactly the job the Dell XPS 13 was designed to accomplish.

Before generative artificial intelligence took off, the process of jailbreaking a video game console was a slow, tedious ordeal. That's not the case anymore.

Within the PS5 homebrew scene on Reddit, the forums have been lit up with posts about PS5SX2, an app that lets jailbroken PS5s play PlayStation 2 games. It's a big deal, given that Sony removed backward compatibility from its consoles starting with the release of the PS4 in 2013.

PS5SX2 is part of a larger wave of PS5 jailbreaks, which are coming at a furious pace in 2026.

SEE ALSO: Leaker claims the PlayStation 6 costs Sony $960 to manufacture

Version 1.00 of PS5SX2 had plenty of early bugs, with commenters trading fixes for crashes and missing-game errors. Within roughly two weeks, a 2.00 update had added frame generation and multi-disc support. Another post in the jailbreak community claimed that PS3 games can now run on jailbroken PS5s as well.

Additionally, there's another public jailbreak called Relapse. Released in late September, the exploit chain was published by developer Nathan Fargo and works on firmware versions 7.00 through 13.60. The previous public jailbreak topped out at 12.70, so Relapse covers a big chunk of recent consoles. It works on any PS5 that hasn’t been updated to firmware 14.00, which Sony released on Sept. 16.

For decades, console jailbreaking moved slowly for a reason. As reported by Gizmodo, it’s both legally risky and technically demanding. In the U.S., circumventing a console’s copyright protection runs afoul of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The Librarian of Congress grants exemptions every three years for devices like smartphones and smart TVs, but consoles aren’t among them.

Finding an exploit has also required deep knowledge of a console’s firmware, which historically limited the work to a small group of skilled hackers. So normally, hackers will find an exploit, release a jailbreak, Sony patches it, and hackers start back at the beginning.

But that cycle is speeding up, and AI coding assistants may be part of the reason why. There’s no confirmation that the Relapse developers used AI, but it fits a broader pattern that has exploded over the past few weeks.

The AI decompilation boom

Decompilation is huge in the homebrew gaming scene at the moment. Decompiling means working backward from a game’s compiled code to rebuild readable source code that produces the same game. It’s how fans have created unofficial PC ports of classics like Super Mario 64, and it traditionally took volunteers years of tedious work.

From a technical standpoint, it's a grueling process. In the context of video games, those are shipped in compiled code that consoles can run, but humans can't easily read. However, AI is speeding up the tedious grunt work of doing so.

Hundreds of vibe-coded, AI-decompiled emulators and games have appeared in just the past couple of weeks, crediting Anthropic’s latest model, Claude Opus 5.5. That includes browser-based ports of games like Halo: Combat Evolved, Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, and Skate 3, some of which Kotaku said run surprisingly well.

The results have also produced some truly unhinged mashups. One of the first to go viral added skateboarding from Skate to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, letting players kickflip across the shooter’s maps. Others have put Minecraft inside Elden Ring (and Grand Theft Auto V) and Mario Kart vehicles into Call of Duty Zombies.

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While fun stuff to be sure, not everyone is a fan. The developers behind the fan-made Zelda: Recompiled and Banjo: Recompiled projects have publicly rejected AI and called AI-generated knockoffs of their work disrespectful. Other critics say many of these AI ports come from amateurs with little programming experience, leaving behind a pile of buggy, broken releases.

Altogether, a faster jailbreak cycle isn’t much of a surprise. If AI tools can rebuild entire games from compiled code overnight, digging through console firmware for exploits starts to look a lot more approachable. It helps that AI agents like Claude thrive on verifiable loops, ie, being able to write, test, and repeat ad nauseam until it gets it right with no fatigue involved.

Gizmodo writes that this could be Sony's Napster moment — an existential crisis for the gaming industry just like the music business faced in the early 2000s. It's one thing to sue a bunch of hackers, but Sony doesn't have much goodwill with the public at the moment. It helps, though, that jailbreaking a console requires having it in the first place, and that jailbreaking any console risks bricking it.

Given that RAMageddon is causing a GPU shortage, one might exercise caution, as a second-hand PS5 Pro could cost $1,300 or more.

Since August, someone (or perhaps a group of people) called Cyberleek has been very busy sharing various gameplay clips of Grand Theft Auto 6. On Aug. 20, Take-Two Interactive, the parent company of GTA-maker Rockstar Games, filed subpoenas against Microsoft and Discord to try to unmask the leaker, followed soon after by subpoenas against Google and X Corp. Those filings specifically cited "stolen content," confirming that the Cyberleek videos are legitimate.

Prior to the August "Extended Look" on Netflix, the GTA 6 leaks represented the first real glimpse of gameplay from the hotly anticipated title. After the Netflix trailer, Cyberleek stopped posting for more than a month before suddenly reappearing in October with a 24-minute gameplay video and some other decidedly NSFW clips. We're not going to embed or link to any of these clips; however, they're easy enough to find on X or Reddit if you look hard enough.

SEE ALSO: What is Cyberleek? Everything we know about the alleged GTA 6 leakers. Every GTA 6 leak from Cyberleek so far

At the time of publication, more than a dozen gameplay clips and map screenshots have been posted by Cyberleek that show different aspects of GTA 6, including glimpses of cutscenes. The leaker did post some minor story spoilers in the most recent release, so be careful if you want to avoid them.

Here are the GTA 6 leaks Cyberleek has shared so far:

• Map sneak peek 1: A small, cropped portion of the in-game world map, showing a location called Dalton Island.

• Map sneak peek 2: Another cropped portion of the map showing locations called Tequesta Retreat, Gloriana Key, and Catalan Key.

• Basketball video: A clip of protagonist Jason Duval throwing a basketball into a hoop in a mini-game.

• Full map: An alleged view of the entire in-game map.

• Random video 1: A clip of Jason driving around for a little bit before beating up a truck driver.

• Taser video: A clip of Jason driving at night, stealing a security guard's taser, and using it on him. Jason then repeatedly kicks the guard while he is on the ground.

• Junkies video: A clip that appears to show a healing drug called Zombix. A tooltip indicates that Zombix's effects will weaken over time if the player uses it too much.

• Plane video: A clip of Jason flying a plane over Vice City, with much of the game world visible below. At the end, whoever is playing the game in the clip shoots the word "LEEK" into a wall with bullets, suggesting the leaker has a playable build of the game.

• Hypercar part 1: A clip of Jason driving a high-end sports car around Vice City.

• Hypercar part 2: A clip of Jason driving the sports car some more, before committing armed robbery.

• Strip club: Jason wanders around a strip club, then a short clip of an in-game cutscene is shown.

• Gas station: Jason causes trouble at a gas station, steals a truck with a bed full of gasoline, and crashes and dies; more of the previous cutscene is shown.

• Plane video 2: Jason flies a plane over Vice City at night.

• Nudist colony: Jason explores a nudist hangout spot (where the NPCs are, obviously, nude) and attacks NPCs.

• Nightclub: A pretty uneventful video of Jason walking around the interior of a nightclub.

• Beach cycling: Jason riding a bicycle on a beach full of NPCs.

• Video game store: Jason walking around a video game store with shelves full of fake video game boxes.

• How does Cyberleek drive? Jason steals a hot rod and evades the police; the clip ends with a cutscene showing Lucia Caminos, the game's second playable character, for the first time. Caminos talks about someone who "drives like a bitch."

• Lucia prologue: A four-and-a-half-minute video of a prologue introducing Caminos; the clip includes minor story spoilers.

• 24-minute extended leak: A long video featuring multiple vehicular races, car customization, first-person gameplay, and both protagonists rendered in the nude.

• Nude Lucia videos: Several videos of Lucia performing various in-game activities, such as walking around, driving, and parachuting, while completely nude.

What could Cyberleek release next?

The big 24-minute Cyberleek video in October ended with an allusion to some sort of long-term "project," the likes of which we know nothing about. However, the leaker has now threatened to release a "Full 200+GB playable build" of the game, played from beginning to end, if the Cyberleek memecoin reaches $30 million in market value. At the time of publication, the coin's value is at about $2.5 million, a far cry from that goal.

In addition, as of Oct. 12, websites associated with Cyberleek are hosting a poll, which is titled, "Lucia closeup 4k video." In the past, Cyberleek has hosted polls asking followers what clips to release next, with users voting using the leaker's memecoin. This strongly suggests new GTA 6 leaks featuring Lucia are coming soon.

The leaker is also once again calling on Rockstar and Take-Two to release the new Grand Theft Auto on a physical disc, part of a long list of grievances.

SEE ALSO: Who is CyberLeek? Everything we know about the alleged GTA 6 leakers. You can see the game officially now

Speaking of the Netflix trailer, it's now on YouTube in all of its 26-minute glory. There were plenty of little details that Cyberleek never showed, such as gameplay footage of Lucia, among many other things. If you want a real idea of how GTA 6 works, you're probably better off watching the Netflix video than anything Cyberleek posted at this point.

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Updated on Monday, Oct. 12 at 11:40 a.m. ET — We've updated the story to reflect the latest leaked videos, as well as the threat to release a full build of the game.

Updated on Thursday, Oct. 8 at 2:15 p.m. ET — We've updated the story to reflect the latest Cyberleek leaks.

Updated on Friday, Aug. 28 at 1:30 p.m. ET — We've updated this story with additional details.

Updated on Wednesday, Aug. 26 at 3:20 p.m. ET — We've updated this story with details on Rockstar's statement and additional GTA 6 leaks.

Updated on Tuesday, Aug. 25 at 11:40 a.m. ET — We've updated this story to reflect the latest Cyberleek videos.

Updated on Monday, Aug. 24 at 1:30 p.m. ET — We've updated this story to reflect the latest Cyberleek leaks.

Updated on Friday, Aug. 21 at 3:00 p.m. ET — Take-Two Interactive Software Inc., the parent company of Grand Theft Auto-maker Rockstar Games, has filed two subpoenas naming Microsoft and Discord as it hunts the leaker known as Cyberleek. The legal filings specifically cite "stolen content," seemingly confirming that the leaks are legitimate. Take-Two is also requesting the removal of leaked material that violates its copyrights, as well as information that could unmask the leakers. Read more about the Microsoft and Discord subpoenas.

Linux has never been short on alternatives, but some Windows programs simply don’t have a true replacement. Or you might just want the actual Windows version—that's fine too. If you pick the right method, though, you can run almost anything. Here's a nice rundown of some apps you might have been missing from Windows.

Walking into Home Depot usually gives you the feeling that you've seen every cordless tool Ryobi makes. Ryobi has a deal to only sell its tools at Home Depot in the United States, so it's hard to find them anywhere else. The thing is that other regions get heavy yard equipment that never touches domestic shelves, and some of it is amazing and worth the money.

At a glance

• StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutors before they are tested with real learners; it is not a product, is not deployed in classrooms, and is not intended to replace teachers
• AI tutoring tools need feedback from students to improve, but collecting that feedback through human studies is slow, costly, and difficult to scale 
• StudentSim trains personalized AI student simulators from publicly available, de-identified learner records, with one simulator adapted to each student 
• The work evaluates simulators along two education-grounded dimensions: whether they respond like a specific student, and whether they update after tutor guidance 
• Across chess, second-language English writing, and mathematics, StudentSim outperforms leading baselines and provides a useful feedback signal for training an AI tutor 

In research settings, teams are exploring how AI-powered tutoring systems can help explain a math problem, suggest an edit to a writing assignment, or guide a learner through a chess position. Yet the quality of teaching cannot be measured only from the tutor’s answer. A tutor needs to know what happens after the guidance reaches a student. Did the student correct the original mistake? Did the hint help them reason toward the answer, or did it give away too much? Would a different student need a different kind of support? In today’s AI tutor research, answering these questions often requires real learner studies. Those studies are valuable, but they are slow and costly to run, which makes it hard to use student feedback during fast model iteration.

StudentSim is an AI system that creates personalized simulators of individual students, modeling how they answer questions and how their answers change after receiving a tutor’s guidance. The goal is to make student feedback more available during AI tutor development. This research also introduces StudentSimEval, a benchmark and evaluation protocol spanning chess, second-language English writing, and mathematics. 

Importantly, the goal is not to replace teachers or classroom learning. Instead, StudentSim helps researchers evaluate and improve AI tutoring systems during the research and development process before testing them with real learners. The research uses only publicly available learner datasets released for research use with de-identified records; no personally identifying information is used at any stage. 

Figure 1: AI tutors need feedback from students to improve. Student simulators can approximate part of that feedback during research-stage training and evaluation. They provide an early-stage research signal, not a replacement for testing with real learners. Measuring what a student simulator needs to do

A simple way to build a student simulator is to ask a large language model to role-play a learner. For example, a prompt might say, “You are an elementary-school student who struggles with math.” The model can change its tone and express uncertainty. The harder part is preserving the learner’s actual ability boundary. A model may speak in a young student’s voice while still relying on knowledge and reasoning far beyond that student’s level. For training an AI tutor, this can produce misleading feedback: the tutor may appear effective because the simulated student is too capable.

Traditional student modeling approaches face a different limitation. Knowledge tracing and behavior prediction models are grounded in real learning records and can estimate a student’s current knowledge, skills, and learning habits. Many of these models, however, were not designed to take natural-language tutor guidance as input. They can help describe what a student has done, but they do not always tell us how a student would respond to a particular explanation, hint, or Socratic question.

StudentSim defines the target through two dimensions inspired by education research. Educators often distinguish what a learner can do independently from what they can do with support. Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development captures this gap between current independent performance and performance with guidance. StudentSim turns this idea into two evaluation goals. Behavioral fidelity measures whether a simulator matches a specific student’s recorded responses on held-out problems. Guidance responsiveness measures whether the simulator updates its response after reading tutor guidance.

Figure 2: StudentSimEval evaluates whether a simulator matches a student’s independent behavior and whether it responds to guidance. 

These two goals are complementary. A simulator that only matches past student behavior may be useful for prediction, but it does not show whether a teaching intervention helped. A simulator that always follows the tutor may respond fluently, but it may fail to represent a particular student’s strengths, weaknesses, and likely mistakes. AI tutor training needs both signals: the learner’s starting point and how guidance affects the learner’s performance. 

Training personalized simulators from sparse student records

StudentSimEval is built entirely from publicly available learner datasets that are released for research use with de-identified records. The records carry no personally identifying information, and each personalized simulator is trained only on the de-identified records of the student it represents.

Real student data is often sparse at the individual level. A learner may contribute only a small number of essays, answers, or interactions. Training a separate simulator from scratch for each student would risk overfitting and would require each model to relearn common patterns in the domain.  

StudentSim uses a two-stage training pipeline. In the first stage, the model trains on records pooled across many students in the same domain. This stage learns common response formats, common errors, and common ways students revise after guidance. In the second stage, the model is specialized on one student’s own records, producing a personalized simulator for that student. 

Figure 3: StudentSim first learns shared student behavior from pooled records, then adapts to each student’s own data. 

The evaluation covers three domains with different response types. In chess, the simulator predicts a player’s next move and how that player may revise after coaching. In second-language English writing, it generates essays with error patterns matching a learner and predicts corrections after teacher feedback. In mathematics, it predicts a student’s multiple-choice answer and whether the student updates after an explanation. Across these domains, StudentSimEval uses the same principle: compare all methods on the same per-student training records and the same held-out evaluation records. 

StudentSim outperforms leading baselines across the three domains. In chess, for example, StudentSim reaches behavioral fidelity of 0.5150 and guidance responsiveness of 0.9067. GPT-5.4 reaches 0.2316 and 0.7186, respectively. Maia2, a chess-specific human move prediction model, reaches 0.4535 and 0.2721. The comparison illustrates the difference between the baseline families: GPT-5.4 can respond to guidance but does not reliably match a specific student’s behavior, while Maia2 predicts human chess moves more closely but lacks a natural-language guidance pathway.

Figure 4: In chess, StudentSim improves both behavioral fidelity and guidance responsiveness compared with leading baselines. Using simulated feedback to improve AI tutors

The research also tests whether a trained student simulator can provide feedback for tutor optimization. In a chess tutor reinforcement learning study, the tutor receives a position and a real student’s previous wrong move, then generates guidance. The student simulator’s own parameters are held fixed during this process, and it reads the guidance and produces a revised move. The reward is based on the improvement in move quality from the student’s previous move to the simulator’s revised move, using Stockfish as an independent chess engine signal.  

Figure 5: StudentSim can provide feedback during AI tutor reinforcement learning by estimating how a student response changes after guidance.

The study compares three conditions: a supervised fine-tuned tutor with no reinforcement learning, a tutor trained with GPT-5.4 as the simulated student reward source, and a tutor trained with StudentSim as the reward source. All conditions use the same tutor policy, supervised starting point, and reinforcement learning setup. Human chess experts then evaluate the tutor responses blind to condition. 

The StudentSim reward produces the highest-rated tutor on all reported dimensions. The tutor trained with StudentSim reaches 90.5% accuracy, compared with 75.7% for the no-RL baseline and 71.6% for the GPT-5.4 reward condition. It also receives higher ratings for guidance quality and personalization. The result is a proof of concept that student simulators trained on real learner data can provide useful feedback for improving AI tutors. 

Looking ahead

StudentSim does not remove the need for real learners in education research. Human studies remain essential for measuring learning outcomes, safety, usability, and classroom fit. The role of student simulators is earlier in the development process: they can help researchers test tutor strategies, compare models, and refine training signals before moving to more expensive studies with real students. 

The broader direction is to build AI tutor systems that learn from student reactions, not only from expert-written explanations or static correctness labels. StudentSim shows one path: use real learning records to train personalized simulators, evaluate those simulators on both independent behavior and response to guidance, and use them as scalable feedback sources for tutor training. Future work can extend this approach to longer learning trajectories, additional subjects, richer student profiles, and studies that connect simulated feedback with real learning outcomes. 

The paper and the StudentSim training and evaluation code, including the StudentSimEval protocol, are publicly available.

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The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Major cable providers often broadcast a second network from an ISP-provided router, and you might not even realize it's happening. These secondary networks might not detract from a home's primary network, but they can definitely give your phone a bad connection. Here's what's going on and how you can fix it.

SAVE $762: As of Oct. 12, the Sunseeker X3 Plus robot lawn mower is on sale for $836.98 instead of its usual $1,598.99. That's nearly 50% in savings and its best price on record.

Opens in a new window Credit: Sunseeker Sunseeker X3 Plus robot lawn mower $836.98 at Amazon
$1,598.99 Save $762.01   Get Deal

Lawn-mowing season might be wrapping up, but if you're looking to invest in a robot mower for next year, the Sunseeker X3 Plus is nearly half off its usual cost.

As of Oct. 12, the Sunseeker X3 Plus robot lawn mower is down to just $836.98 instead of $1,598.99. That's $762 or 48% in savings, marking its lowest price on record.

Mashable's sister site CNET tested the Sunseeker X3 Plus and specifically recommended buying it if you can score it on sale. Well, today's your lucky day — but only if you act fast. It's already selling out at Amazon.

It's designed for small to medium-sized residential lawns up to 0.3 acres and requires little to no setup. No buried perimeter wires or digging is necessary; just use the app to map out your yard and create virtual boundaries. The Sunseeker X3 Plus will handle the rest.

An on-board camera with dual AI vision and ultrasonic sensors can detect potential objects in the Sunseeker's path and it'll adjust its route accordingly. Of course, if there's certain spots you want it to avoid altogether, you can also set up a custom path in the app. The app also allows you to manage schedules, adjust cutting height, and monitor mowing progress.

If you're ready to hand off your most annoying chore and gain hours of your time back next summer, grab the Sunseeker X3 Plus while it's half price (and while it's still in stock!).

Notorious Grand Theft Auto VI leaker Cyberleek is back with a vengeance, it seems.

The anonymous video poster went dark after the big Netflix trailer in late August, but returned last week with a big, chunky 24-minute clip that featured story cutscenes, auto races, and the male protagonist Jason fully nude. Over the weekend and into Monday morning, Cyberleek shared some more clips that we won't link to, but can be easily found on social media. The new clips largely revolve around the female protagonist Lucia, and also show her completely nude, doing things like walking around Vice City or parachuting off a tall building.

SEE ALSO: 'GTA 6' official merch is live, and it's already selling out: Where to buy

In addition, Cyberleek posted a warning on their website claiming that if their memecoin reached a market cap of $30 million, they would release a video showing a full playthrough of the game's story prior to release. The same post also included a demand for publisher Take-Two to apologize for not releasing the game on disc and to rectify that issue. It is extremely unlikely the company could fire up disc manufacturing for GTA 6 in a timely fashion, even if the publisher wanted to negotiate with the leaker. At this point, there is no sign of that happening.

Just like in the videos featuring a nude Jason, the nude Lucia videos seem a little fishy in the sense that NPCs don't react to their nudity at all. Given that recent Rockstar games are built entirely around believable NPC interactions, that would suggest the nudity is not a regularly accessible feature in the final game and is being achieved through the use of developer tools.

It's only about a month until the game is in all our hands, and we won't have to worry about GTA 6 leaks spoiling the story anymore.

If you like original direct-to-streaming movies, then this week's list is for you. Four of the five movies on this list are streaming releases. Prime Video occupies two spots on the list: a crime caper starring Stanley Tucci and a romantic drama starring Margaret Qualley.