Blogroll

One of the worst feelings for me while driving is using maps or an app and seeing something missing that would have helped. Car infotainment setups run on firmware that's set at the factory and only gets refreshed occasionally, whether at a dealer, by USB, or through an over-the-air update. Android Auto works differently. It's basically a phone app that beams onto your car's display, and you don't get warned when changes come.

College can be the best years of your life, but also some of the most stressful. It’s hard enough to stay academically prepared while still making ends meet and enjoying a scholarly lifestyle that will change after graduation.

There's something mildly rewarding about downloading an app for one reason and discovering it's useful for several others. I initially installed PowerToys after reading about FancyZones, the tool that lets you create custom grid layouts for snapping and organizing app windows. But the more I explored, the more features I found myself using every day.

Many of us plug a Fire TV Stick into our TV, install the necessary streaming apps, and then never think about it again. If you use Home Assistant, your Fire TV Stick could become a useful part of your smart home.

At a glance

• A new form of computing. Zero-knowledge proofs let you run a workload and receive, alongside the result, a short proof that the program ran correctly. Anyone can check the proof in milliseconds, without rerunning the program, without trusting whoever ran it, and without needing data on which the program was run.
• Three grand challenges have stood in the way of broad adoption: making proofs fast enough to produce, making them available to normal programs without cryptographic expertise, and resting them on cryptography that will still be trusted many decades from now.
• Magnetar makes major progress on all three challenges. It proves programs written in Rust, Go, or C, runs 10 to 39 times faster on average than the prior fastest comparable systems, and rests its security only on standard hash functions. It is the latest result of more than a decade of research at Microsoft Research on making zero-knowledge proofs practical.

A new form of computing

Every result a computer produces comes with an implicit question: did the program run as claimed and produce correct outputs? Today, answering that question often requires a degree of trust alongside verification. We trust the operator, the vendor, the counterparty, or the agent, and we rely on contracts, audits, and logs to establish that trust. 

Zero-knowledge proofs offer a fundamentally different approach to establishing trust. A program runs, and along with its output it produces a short proof, a cryptographic certificate that this program, on these inputs, produced this output. The proof is small and fast to check. Whoever receives it can confirm the result in milliseconds without rerunning the program, and can pass the proof on to anyone else who needs the same assurance. With the zero-knowledge property, the proof also reveals nothing about inputs that should stay private.

This changes what correctness means in the real world. A result no longer has to be trusted because of who produced it. It can be checked because of what accompanies it. An AI agent acting on someone’s behalf could attach a proof that each action complied with the policy it was given. Regulated financial institutions could prove that transactions were processed correctly without making their transactions public. These become possible once producing a proof is as routine as running the program.

Three grand challenges

Zero-knowledge proofs were invented in the 1980s, and the ideas behind proving program execution have been around nearly as long. What has kept them from becoming a general tool is three challenges that have resisted being solved at the same time.

Efficiency. Producing a proof has historically taken millions of times more computation than running the program itself. Years of research have brought that overhead down, but the fastest systems have achieved their speed by making compromises elsewhere.

Generality and usability. Many proof systems require developers to manually rewrite their program as a cryptographic circuit, which is a fixed arithmetic description of that exact computation. This takes months. Every change to the application means a new circuit, and the translation is itself a frequent source of security bugs. A general-purpose alternative is to prove the execution of an ordinary processor, so that any compiled program can be proven as written. Until recently, that generality came at a steep cost in speed or security. 

Security. A proof is only as strong as the cryptography beneath it. Many proof systems rest on elliptic curves, which can be broken by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer. Microsoft is addressing this problem with its Quantum Safe Program, which will move its products and services to post-quantum cryptography, a goal it recently accelerated to 2029. Post-quantum proof systems already exist, but some rest on lattice assumptions, and most rest on new cryptographic functions invented to reduce the cost of proving. These new cryptographic functions have not faced the decades of scrutiny given to the cryptography protecting today’s internet, and some rest on mathematical conjectures about error-correcting codes that have not been proven. They have bought their speed with strong assumptions. 

PODCAST SERIES

The AI Revolution in Medicine, Revisited

Join Microsoft’s Peter Lee on a journey to discover how AI is impacting healthcare and what it means for the future of medicine.

Listen now Opens in a new tab More than a decade of work

For more than a decade, Microsoft Research has worked on making zero-knowledge proofs and verifiable computing practical. Early research followed two approaches, both practical only for small programs. The first (opens in new tab) (opens in new tab)lets a verifier check a long computation through a short conversation with the prover using a technique called the sum-check protocol (opens in new tab), but this applied only to computations with a particular layered structure. The second (opens in new tab) (opens in new tab)used elliptic-curve cryptography to create very small proofs for almost any computation. But this requires a one-time trusted setup involving secret information which, if leaked, could allow anyone to forge proofs. This approach is also vulnerable to quantum computers.

In 2019, a new zero-knowledge proof system called Spartan returned to the sum-check approach and made it work for general-purpose programs without a trusted setup. Spartan can also be instantiated with different cryptographic building blocks. That flexibility is what later allowed the proof system to be built on hash functions alone. A sequence of results then filled in the remaining pieces: 

• Phalanx (opens in new tab), in 2021, showed how to exploit repetition, such as a processor running the same instruction cycle on every step, to prove computations an order of magnitude faster than Spartan. Magnetar’s processor description is built on this idea.  
• Nova (opens in new tab), HyperNova (opens in new tab), NeutronNova (opens in new tab), Neo and SuperNeo (opens in new tab) showed that stopping Spartan’s proving early, and folding the partial results together, makes it practical to prove computations of any size at far lower cost.
• Brakedown (opens in new tab), in 2021, introduced a fast hash-based commitment scheme and combined it with Spartan, giving the first Spartan variant whose security rests on standard hash functions. 
• Spice (opens in new tab), Lasso (opens in new tab), Nebula (opens in new tab), and then Twist and Shout (opens in new tab) made the memory operations at the heart of a general-purpose processor inexpensive to prove, and Jolt (opens in new tab) showed that combining them with Spartan can efficiently prove the execution of a complete processor.
• Earlier this year, Vega (opens in new tab) applied this line of work to digital identity, proving facts from a government credential in under a tenth of a second.
• More recently, BinarySpartan (opens in new tab) brought Spartan to binary fields, where a processor’s logic and standard hash functions can be efficiently expressed. BinarySpartan also relies on Ligerito (opens in new tab), a Brakedown-style commitment scheme with much shorter proofs, and on ring switching (opens in new tab), which makes it efficient to commit to vectors of bits. 

Each of these solved a piece of the problem. Magnetar is where the pieces come together.

Magnetar

Magnetar is a zero-knowledge virtual machine, or zkVM, and it makes major progress on all three challenges at once.

Figure 1. Magnetar proves a program’s execution and returns a small proof that anyone can check, with security resting only on standard hash functions.

It is general-purpose. Magnetar proves the execution of RISC-V, an open processor architecture with mature compilers for every mainstream language. A developer writes a program in Rust, Go, or C, compiles it as usual, and Magnetar proves it as written. Consider what this means in practice. A business policy, a data pipeline, or an interpreter for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is just a program, and the engineers who already maintain it can prove their executions exactly as written. As a result, proving stops being a specialist activity. 

It is faster than prior systems in the same class. Magnetar proves 7.2 to 8.7 million processor instructions per second on a laptop. Across 15 benchmark programs, from cryptographic hashing to token transfers inside a small EVM interpreter, it is 10 to 39 times faster on average than the fastest existing zkVMs on the same machine, and more than 300 times faster than two others on a token-transfer benchmark. An optimized Magnetar proves 9.5–12.8 million cycles per second, which increases each speedup reported here by about 1.3×. Its proofs verify in about 12 milliseconds. 

Its security rests on standard cryptography. Magnetar depends on a standard hash function such as SHA-256 or SHA-3, the same primitives that already protect every organization’s systems. It requires no elliptic curves, no lattices, no special-purpose hash functions, no trusted setup, and no unproven conjecture about error-correcting codes. Hash functions are the most thoroughly studied primitives in the cryptographic toolkit, and they are the basis of the stateless hash-based signatures that NIST standardized as its own conservative post-quantum option. For a system that must still be trustworthy in many decades to come, relying only on standard hash functions removes a cryptographic migration from the roadmap. 

The same design decision pays a second dividend. Checking a Magnetar proof consists mostly of evaluating standard hash functions and binary-field arithmetic, which are exactly the operations Magnetar proves efficiently. Verifying a proof is therefore an ordinary workload for it. This is what allows Magnetar to prove computations of any size, by proving them in pieces and then combining the pieces. This also allows Magnetar to prove a long-running system such as a ledger or a blockchain.

The technical paper gives the full design, security analysis, and measurements.

Looking ahead

Magnetar advances zero-knowledge proofs and verifiable computing to a stage where they can be built on the cryptography that organizations already trust, at speeds that make it usable, by engineers who write normal code. Magnetar enables a future where cryptographic proofs are a routine output of computation. We expect that technology leaders will stop asking whether proofs of execution are practical and focus instead on which results would they prefer to verify rather than taking on trust.

If you’re interested in exploring how zero-knowledge proofs can support your use case, we’d love to hear from you (opens in new tab).

Opens in a new tab

The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Remember when everyone tried to tell you that gold-plated HDMI cables were the (forgive me) gold standard of home theater? Or gold-plated audio cables, that was also a thing. Well, I think that home networking has finally found its equivalent, and it comes in the form of Cat 8 Ethernet cables.

Microsoft is delivering on its promise to fix more of Windows 11's longstanding problems. The company is starting a large-scale rollout for a series of updates that both improve performance and rework key apps, including a new Photos app.

Rockstar Games' games tend to be full of little details that players might barely notice (if at all), and it sounds like Grand Theft Auto VI is no different.

Bloomberg reporter Jason Schreier published a deep dive into the development history of GTA 6 this week, complete with an accompanying YouTube video that explores key aspects of the story that didn't make it into print. One such aspect is a realistic sweat system that Rockstar apparently developed for the game. According to Schreier, protagonists Jason and Lucia will develop believable amounts of sweat depending on the physical activity they're doing.

SEE ALSO: 'GTA 6' launch trailer features lots of action, vibes, and romance

Examples include working out in gyms or dancing in nightclubs. If you perform actions like that, Jason and Lucia will get a little moist, as you'd expect in the real world. Details like the sweat mechanic help explain why GTA 6 took nearly a decade to finish. It's also perfectly in character for Rockstar, as the company also previously developed a realistic horse testicle shrinkage system for cold weather in Red Dead Redemption II.

Yes, you read that right. And, no, I will not elaborate further. As a reminder, GTA 6 launches on Nov. 19, and you can preorder the game now for Xbox Series X/S and PlayStation 5.

Scrolling through Netflix might take a long time when searching for a movie for the weekend. Seeing what everyone else has been watching can be a good place to start. And I love the underrated gems, but some of the platform’s most-watched movies this year are actually worth the hype.

The most important part of your computer, if you had to choose just one, would be the central processing unit (CPU). It's the primary hub (or "brain"), and it processes the instructions that come from programs, the operating system, or other components in your PC.

Automatically updating your Docker containers might sound like the peace of mind you've been wanting—it's anything but that. I tried auto-updating Docker containers in my homelab, and it ended in disaster one too many times. Here's what happened and how I run Docker in my homelab now.

TL;DR: Through Oct. 28, several Prime Video streaming subscription add-ons are on sale for just $1.99 per month for two months, including Apple TV, Starz, MGM+, Crunchyroll, and AMC+. That's up to $13 per month in savings.

Prime Video add-on streaming deals: Best Apple TV deal Apple TV (Prime Video add-on) $1.99/month for 2 months (save $26) Get Deal Best MGM+ deal MGM+ (Prime Video add-on) $1.99/month for 2 months (save $12) Get Deal Best Starz deal Starz (Prime Video add-on) $1.99/month for 2 months (save $20) Get Deal Best AMC+ deal AMC+ (Prime Video add-on) $1.99/month for 2 months (save $18) Get Deal Best Crunchyroll deal Crunchyroll (Prime Video add-on) $1.99/month for 2 months (save $24) Get Deal

Fall is the perfect opportunity to diversify your streaming lineup. Not only is it prime time for spooky streaming sessions and the precursor to holiday movie marathons, but it's also a great time to lock in a deal, thanks to Prime Video.

Through Oct. 28, several of Prime Video's streaming subscription add-ons are on sale for just $1.99 per month for two months. These include the heavy hitter Apple TV, as well as more under-the-radar picks like AMC+, Starz, Crunchyroll, and MGM+. The most expensive of the bunch, Apple TV, usually costs $14.99 per month, so you'll save $26 with this two-month discount. Other streamers on the list range from $7.99 to $13.99 per month, saving you as much as $24.

The only stipulation is that you'll need to be an active Prime Video subscriber to be eligible for each add-on. If you're not already a Prime member or Prime Video subscriber, you can sign up for a 30-day free trial to secure these deals (if you act fast).

You'll be charged for add-ons in the same monthly streaming bill as your Prime Video or Amazon Prime membership. Plus, the content library for each service will appear in your Prime Video account without you needing to download or open a separate app. It's basically like expanding your existing streaming library.

Since streaming deals are pretty hard to come by outside of Black Friday, the ability to lock in two months of streaming for less than $4 is pretty epic. The Apple TV deal is particularly good, considering its most recent price hike in late August bumped it up to a painful $14.99 per month.

TL;DR: Dunkin’ is giving away free bat-winged drink koozies for one day only on Friday, Oct. 16. To grab one, just order the new Berry Battie Daydream Refresher at participating locations while supplies last.

Halloween has officially taken over Dunkin', and the chain has another surprise brewing for its Refresher fans. The spooky season already brought plenty of colorful drinks to the menu, but Dunkin' wasn't finished having fun with its holiday lineup.

Now, there’s a new reason to keep an eye on their Refreshers this month: Dunkin’ is giving away a free bat-themed koozie when you buy their newest drink, but the deal is only good for one day.

View this post on Instagram The Berry Battie Daydream gets a Halloween makeover

The new Berry Battie Daydream Refresher just hit the Dunkin' menu on Oct. 14. The drink starts with Dunkin’s Berry Clementine base, giving it a sweeter, creamier makeover with blueberry flavor and oat milk. It’s topped with bright purple Marshmallow Cold Foam and a pair of edible candy eyes for a full Halloween look.

Designed to fit around the cup, the koozie features purple bat wings that stick out from the sides, essentially giving your drink its very own costume. The bat koozie arrives right in the middle of a packed seasonal rollout at Dunkin', which first started hitting stores on Sept. 30.

SEE ALSO: Starbucks just dropped a Snoopy cup for fall, and yes, I'm taking the bait

The giveaway runs on Friday, Oct. 16, at select Dunkin’ locations while supplies last. Keep in mind that you must buy a Berry Battie Daydream Refresher to get one, as it isn't available as a standalone freebie.

If you want to make sure your iced drink gets its wings, plan to hit the drive-thru or order ahead in the Dunkin' app early on Friday morning before local stores run out.

YouTube might be coming for your next audiobook listen.

The Google-owned video platform is reportedly looking to expand into audiobooks, potentially putting it in direct competition with Spotify and Amazon Audible. According to the Wall Street Journal, YouTube has been in talks with book publishers in recent months about developing an audiobook feature that could launch as early as 2027.

The company has also reportedly considered bundling audiobooks with YouTube Premium, its ad-free subscription service that currently costs $15.99 per month. However, it's unclear whether subscribers would get unlimited listening, a monthly allotment of hours (like Spotify offers its Premium subscribers), or the option to purchase individual titles. YouTube has not officially announced the feature.

Of course, audiobooks aren't exactly new to YouTube. The platform already hosts countless audiobook recordings, including public-domain classics and uploads from authors and publishers. But it also has a piracy problem. Unauthorized recordings, including AI-narrated versions of copyrighted books, have become increasingly common on the platform. An official audiobook offering could give publishers another way to monetize their titles while potentially addressing some of those concerns.

SEE ALSO: Spotify moves beyond audiobooks to offer physical books

YouTube would also be entering an increasingly competitive market. Spotify, which expanded into audiobooks in 2023, currently offers eligible Premium subscribers 15 hours of audiobook listening per month, with additional listening time available for purchase.

Spotify currently offers eligible Premium subscribers 15 hours of audiobook listening per month, with the option to purchase additional listening time. Its U.S. catalog includes more than 700,000 titles. Just last week, Spotify announced plans to expand its audiobook offerings from 22 markets to more than 180 by the end of 2026. According to the company, monthly audiobook listeners have grown nearly 40 percent over the past year. And earlier this year, Spotify took its ambitions in the book market a step further, announcing its plans to sell physical books through its app.

Amazon's Audible, meanwhile, offers subscription plans that give listeners access to audiobooks through monthly selections, credits, and an included catalog. The service also works with Amazon's Kindle e-readers.

There's plenty of money at stake, too. According to the Audio Publishers Association, U.S. audiobook sales reached $2.43 billion in 2025, a nine percent increase from the previous year. And YouTube is already part of that listening ecosystem. In a 2026 survey, 45 percent of audiobook listeners who had listened in the past year reported listening to a free audiobook on YouTube during that period, raising concerns about piracy on the platform.

SEE ALSO: BookTok creators share the reading essentials they actually use

For YouTube, the appeal is fairly obvious. The platform has already become a destination for music, podcasts, and long-form video. Adding audiobooks would give users another reason to spend time on the platform, and potentially make a YouTube Premium subscription more appealing.

Whether YouTube can compete with established audiobook services will ultimately depend on its catalog, pricing, and listening experience. But its biggest advantage might be the millions of people who already use YouTube to listen to just about everything else.

There are lots of ways to get a 3D model to print on your 3D printer. You can model it yourself, or use a 3D scanner to turn real-world objects into data that can be converted into a printable format. Most people, however, will likely download a model someone else has created from 3D printing websites.

TL;DR: Daily Red is a free, daily Pokémon battle game where everyone gets one chance a day to defeat Red on Mt. Silver. Red's team stays the same, but your lineup is randomly generated every 24 hours — forcing you to win with whatever random squad you're dealt.

If your morning browser routine already includes Wordle or the Mini Crossword, there is a new fan-made puzzle game making the rounds among Pokémon fans. Daily Red takes the most legendary boss encounter in franchise history and reimagines it as a fast-paced, tactical puzzle you can solve in under five minutes.

Instead of spending dozens of hours training a competitive squad, the game puts you right on top of Mt. Silver for a Level 100 showdown against Red. The catch? You do not get to pick your party. Every 24 hours, every player worldwide is handed the exact same randomly generated lineup of six Pokémon. Your job is to figure out how to pilot whatever unusual, bench-warming team you've been dealt to victory.

Is Daily Red an official Pokémon game?

No. Daily Red is an unofficial, free-to-play fan project and is not affiliated with or endorsed by Nintendo, Game Freak, or The Pokémon Company. It runs entirely in your browser with no microtransactions, ads, or sign-ups required.

How to play Daily Red

Getting started takes zero downloads and no account registration. Here is the step-by-step breakdown:

1. Head to the site — Go to daily-red.com on your mobile device or desktop browser.

2. Inspect your squad — Click to begin your daily match at the peak of Mt. Silver. Once the fight starts, inspect your six assigned Level 100 Pokémon — checking their movesets, abilities, and type coverage — before locking in your first move against Red's lead Pikachu.

3. Outsmart Red — Defeat all six of Red's classic Level 100 Pokémon before he wipes your party out.

4. Share and track — Copy your spoiler-free results grid to share with friends, then return the next day to protect your streak.

Your win streaks and battle stats are saved directly to your browser's local cache. If you want to keep a long streak going, stick to the same device and browser for your daily battles. 

Daily Red relies on the same viral mechanics that made Wordle a massive hit: every player tackles the same daily puzzle, your wins are tracked through an ongoing streak, and you can share a color-coded grid of your results without spoiling the winning moves for others.

Knowing your enemy: Red's fixed team

While your party changes every single night, Red's team remains completely static. Knowing who he brings to the fight lets you plan your strategy before making your first move:

• Pikachu (Level 100 — always his starting lead)

• Espeon (Level 100)

• Snorlax (Level 100)

• Venusaur (Level 100)

• Charizard (Level 100)

• Blastoise (Level 100)

Because Red always leads with Pikachu, your first big tactical decision happens the second the match loads. Check your six assigned Pokémon to see who has the best matchup or immunity against an electric lead, then plan how you'll handle his bulkier threats like Snorlax later in the match.

The daily battle resets every night at midnight in your local time zone. A live countdown timer at the top of the site tracks how much time remains in the current window. Once the clock strikes midnight, everyone receives a brand-new randomized party to take on Red all over again.

SEE ALSO: Pokémon x Beats: Where to buy Pokémon collab that turns the Beats Pill into a Pikachu-themed speaker

Whether you get handed an overpowered legendary or find yourself trying to defeat a Level 100 Snorlax using a Luvdisc, it’s easy to see why Daily Red is blowing up across the Pokémon community right now.

Did you put your PTO requests in for the middle of November? Because Grand Theft Auto VI is right around the corner, as evidenced by Rockstar publishing a launch trailer for the game on Thursday morning.

Amid yet more GTA 6 leaks, we have our first official glimpse of the game since the Netflix extended look premiered.

This latest look at the game is brief, but it's GTA to the core, with lots of open-world vibe shots, a good deal of action, and in a new twist for the series (at least for a recent entry), lots of romance between protagonists Jason and Lucia. As a reminder, the game is out on Nov. 19, so this may be the last bit of marketing Rockstar does before GTA 6 is in our hands. Savor it, folks.

Taylor Sheridan is in the empire business. Over the last eight years, Sheridan has built a roster of television shows that few creators can match. From building the Yellowstone universe to establishing a signature aesthetic, Sheridan's shows are uniquely his. When fans see Sheridan's name attached to a project, they know what they're going to get.

Are you looking for an alternative to Docker that’s fully open source and doesn’t have any vendor-lock in? Well, there are four tools that you can use which are completely free of Docker’s influence.

The Elf on the Shelf x Disney collection: Disney's Mickey Mouse-Inspired Ready to Roll Travel Set $14.95 at Elf on the Shelf Shop Now Disney's Mickey & Friends Oh Deer Tee Set $14.95 at Elf on the Shelf Shop Now Disney Frozen Olaf Hoodie Set $16.95 at Elf on the Shelf Shop Now Disney Princess Pretty in Pink Party Dress $16.95 at Elf on the Shelf Shop Now Disney Princess Royal Slumber Party Set $29.95 at Elf on the Shelf Shop Now

If you find yourself running out of creative ideas for your Scout Elf every December, this year’s setup is going to be a whole lot easier. The Lumistella Company has officially teamed up with Disney, bringing characters like Mickey Mouse, the Disney Princesses, and Olaf straight into the North Pole universe.

Instead of trying to pull off crazy setups with flour and pipe cleaners late at night, you can just pop a cute Disney outfit on your elf and call it a day. It takes about two seconds, and kids love it.

Mickey and friends travel gear and tees

If you want something quick and easy, the Disney Mickey & Friends Oh Deer tee set is a super simple pick. It comes with a graphic T-shirt and a tiny Mickey ears headband that slips right onto your elf.

If you want to build a little scene around them, the Disney's Mickey Mouse-Inspired Ready to Roll travel set gives your elf a full vacation look. It comes with a functional mini rolling suitcase that opens, a neck pillow, a belt bag, a tiny passport, and Mickey ears. It’s especially cute if you’re traveling over the holidays and want your elf to pack their bags, too.

Royal dresses and slumber party sets

If your kids are big into Disney Princesses, there are a couple of really cute ways to style your elf. The Disney Princess Pretty in Pink party dress gives them a full royal look, complete with a tulle skirt, snowflake details, and a tiny matching tiara.

You can also grab the Disney Princess Royal Slumber Party set, which gives you an entire cozy setup ready to go right out of the box. It comes with two sets of princess-inspired pajamas, a tiara-shaped pillow, a mini sleeping mask, a cuddle buddy, and a sleeping bag.

Frozen hoodies and other fan favorites

For fans of Arendelle, the Disney Frozen Olaf hoodie is an easy favorite. It features a cheerful Olaf print on a soft hoodie and includes a double-sided movie-scene standee you can set up right behind your elf for extra atmosphere.

The fun doesn't stop with Disney, either. The new lineup also dips into a few other iconic worlds, including Harry Potter Hogwarts house robes and Gryffindor pajamas — perfect for celebrating years of Hogwarts magic — as well as Spider-Man hoodies for Marvel lovers. There are even standing pants and ski sets if your elf is more into winter sports, giving you plenty of ways to keep the morning surprises fresh all December long.

Bring the magic home and shop the full Disney x The Elf on the Shelf collection today.